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제목	Changes in Vascular Stiffness, Blood Pressure, and Dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated Matrix Gla protein After Vitamin K supplementation in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Randomized Controlled Trials
저자	Rafik Prabowo
출판정보	2026; 2026(1):
키워드	Kidney Transplant , Vitamin K, Vascular Stiffness, Blood Pressure
초록	Objectives: Vitamin K deficiency often occurs in kidney transplant recipients, which will increase the concentration of dephosphorylated uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp-ucMGP). This condition has an impact on vascular stiffness and the recipient's cardiovascular system. This meta-analysis aims to determine the changes in vascular stiffness, blood pressure, and dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein after vitamin K supplementation in kidney transplant recipients. Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis are reported based on PRISMA guidelines. The Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched for randomized controlled trials reporting the change of vascular stiffness, blood pressure, and dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp-ucMGP) after vitamin K supplementation in kidney transplant recipients during the past 10 years. Outcomes included Vascular Stiffness (VS), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and dp-ucMGP after vitamin K supplementation. The results were reported as the Mean Difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and a random-effects model. Results: The meta-analysis included 4 RCTs that fulfilled the inclusion criteria with a total of 286 participants. Vitamin K supplementation significantly reduced the progression of vascular stiffness (m/s) compared with the control group (MD -0.72; 95%CI [-1.26, -2.82]; I2=90%; P=0.01). There is showed significantly reduced the dp-ucMGP (pmol/L) after Vitamin K supplementation compared with the control group (MD -325.76; 95%CI [-404, -247]; I2=94%; P<0.001). Vitamin K supplementation significantly reduced the SBP and DBP (mmHg) compared with the control group (MD -3.15; 95%CI [-3.38, -2.91]; I2=41%; P<0.001; MD -2.95; 95%CI [-4.48, -1.43]; I2=95%; P<0.001; respectively). Conclusion: Vitamin K supplementation has an effect on changing vascular stiffness, blood pressure, and dp-ucGMP compared with the control group in kidney transplant recipients. Further research is warranted to determine the optimal treatment protocol of vitamin K for kidney transplant patients.
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