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제목 The role of fumarate in the progression of membranous nephropathy: metabolomics analysis and its in-vitro validation.
저자 Hyung Ah Jo
출판정보 2018; 2018(1):
키워드 Membranous nephropathy | Metabolomics | Fumarate
초록 Objectives: Although pathognomonic antigens such as phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) identified in membranous nephropathy (MN), the levels of their corresponding autoantibodies do not always predict the long-term prognosis or treatment response. We aimed to figure out biomarkers predicting the prognosis and treatment response using metabolomics analysis of urine samples. Methods: Urine samples at the time of kidney biopsy were obtained from patients with MN (n=76), minimal change disease (MCD) (n=74) and healthy controls (n=82). Metabolic profiles of the urines were analyzed by using the 800-MHz NMR-based method. An in-vitro validation study was performed using primary-cultured human podocytes treated with IgG purified from an MN patient with high PLA2R level. To characterize the role of fumarate, we conducted lentivirus-mediated fumarate hydratase activation in-vitro. Results: On the basis of metabolomics findings, in-vitro experiments using primary-cultured human podocytes were performed to validate the metabolomics analysis. Western blotting was performed using the lysates from the podocytes with purified IgG from a PLA2R-associated MN patient (MN-IgG). There was a 185-kD protein band which indicates the expression of PLA2R on the podocytes and PLA2R Ag-Ab interaction following treatment of the MN-IgG. In in-vitro experiments, the MN-IgG, but not control-IgG, increased fibronectin and SNAIL, and decreased ZO-1, WT-1 and fumarate hydratase, an enzyme that catalyzes fumarate. Meanwhile, lentivirus-mediated fumarate hydratase activation significantly abrogated the MN-IgG mediated changes in the protein expressions. Conclusions: These findings suggest that fumarate might play an important role in the progression and disease activity of MN via the regulation of podocyte integrity and renal fibrosis.
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